1 Isingeniso
Imikhiqizo yochungechunge oluthambile lwe-polyurethane ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa i-block, eqhubekayo, isipontshi, igwebu eliqinile (i-HR), igwebu elizibambayo, igwebu eliqinile eliqinile, igwebu le-microcellular kanye negwebu elimunca amandla elingaqinile.Lolu hlobo lwegwebu lusabala cishe amaphesenti angama-50 engqikithi yomkhiqizo we-polyurethane.Izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu ezinohlelo olukhulayo, zibambe iqhaza emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yomnotho wezwe: izinto zasendlini, izimoto, ukuthuthukiswa kwekhaya, ifenisha, izitimela, imikhumbi, i-aerospace neminye imikhakha eminingi.Selokhu kwavela igwebu elithambile le-PU ngeminyaka yawo-1950, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokungena ekhulwini lama-21, kube khona ukugxuma kwezobuchwepheshe, ukuhlukahluka kanye nokuphuma komkhiqizo.Amaphuzu avelele yilawa: Igwebu elithambile le-PU elivumelana nemvelo, okungukuthi umkhiqizo we-polyurethane eluhlaza;inani eliphansi le-VOC i-PU igwebu elithambile;i-atomization ephansi ye-PU igwebu elithambile;amanzi agcwele i-PU igwebu elithambile;uchungechunge olugcwele lwe-MDI igwebu elithambile;i-flame retardant, intuthu ephansi, uchungechunge olugcwele lwe-MDI Foam;izinhlobo ezintsha zezithasiselo ezifana nama-catalysts esisindo samangqamuzana aphezulu asebenzayo, ama-stabilizers, ama-flame retardants nama-antioxidants;ama-polyols ane-unsaturation ephansi kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-monoalcohol ephansi;I-Ultra-low density PU igwebu elithambile elinezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zomzimba;imvamisa ye-resonance ephansi, ukudluliswa okuphansi kwegwebu elithambile le-PU;polycarbonate diol, polye-caprolactone polyol, polybutadiene diol, polytetrahydrofuran nezinye polyols ezikhethekile;ubuchwepheshe be-CO2 obugwebu, ubuchwepheshe obunamagwebu obucindezelayo, njll.Ngamafuphi, ukuvela kwezinhlobo ezintsha nobuchwepheshe obusha kukhuthaze ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwegwebu elithambile le-PU.
2 Isimiso sokukhihliza amagwebu
Ukuze uhlanganise igwebu elithambile le-PU elifanelekile elihlangabezana nezidingo, kuyadingeka ukuqonda umgomo wokusabela kwamakhemikhali wohlelo lwegwebu ukuze ukhethe izinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko neziyisizayo nezinqubo zokukhiqiza.Ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-polyurethane kuze kube yilolu suku akusekho esigabeni sokulingisa, kodwa ngokuvumelana nezidingo zokusebenza komkhiqizo wokugcina, kungafinyelelwa ngesakhiwo sezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye namasu okwenziwa.Igwebu le-polyurethane libamba iqhaza ekushintsheni kwamakhemikhali ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlanganiswa, futhi izici ezithinta izakhiwo ze-foam ziyinkimbinkimbi, ezingabandakanyi nje kuphela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwe-isocyanate, i-polyether (ester) utshwala namanzi, kodwa futhi kuhilela i-colloid chemistry of foaming. .Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kuhlanganisa ukunwetshwa kweketango, ukukhihliza amagwebu nokuxhumanisa.Kuphinde kuthinte ukwakheka, ukusebenza kanye nesisindo samangqamuzana ezinto ezibamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni.Ukusabela okujwayelekile kokuhlanganiswa kwegwebu le-polyurethane kungavezwa ngefomula elandelayo:
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Kodwa-ke, isimo sangempela sinzima kakhulu, futhi izimpendulo ezibalulekile zifingqwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
01 Isandiso seChain
Ama-isocyanates asebenzayo kanye ne-polyether (ester) alcohols, ikakhulukazi ama-difunctional compounds, isandiso seketango senziwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
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Ohlelweni olunamagwebu, inani le-isocyanate ngokuvamile likhulu kunalelo lenhlanganisela esebenzayo equkethe i-hydrogen, okungukuthi, inkomba yokusabela inkulu kuno-1, ngokuvamile engu-1.05, ngakho ukuphela komkhiqizo wokugcina owandisiwe ngeketango enqubweni yokwenza amagwebu. kufanele kube yiqembu le-isocyanate
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Ukusabela kokunwetshwa kweketango kuwukusabela okuyinhloko kwegwebu le-PU, futhi kuyisihluthulelo sezakhiwo zomzimba: amandla emishini, izinga lokukhula, ukunwebeka, njll.
02 Ukusabela okukhihliza amagwebu
Igwebu libaluleke kakhulu ekulungiseleleni amagwebu athambile, ikakhulukazi lapho kuhlanganiswa imikhiqizo engaminyana kakhulu.Kunemiphumela emibili evamile yokugwetshwa: ukusetshenziswa kokushisa okusabelayo ukuze kuhwamuke izinhlanganisela ze-hydrocarbon ezibilayo, njenge-HCFC-141b, HFC-134a, HFC-365mfc, i-cyclopentane, njll., ukufeza izinhloso zokukhihliza amagwebu, kanti enye iwukusebenzisa. amanzi kanye ne-isocyanate.Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kukhiqiza inani elikhulu legesi ye-CO2 enegwebu:
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Uma ingekho i-catalyst, izinga lokuphendula lamanzi ane-isocyanate lihamba kancane.Izinga lokusabela lama-amine nama-isocyanate lishesha kakhulu.Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, lapho amanzi esetshenziswa njenge-ejenti enegwebu, iletha inqwaba yezingxenye eziqinile kanye nezinhlanganisela ze-urea ezine-polarity ephezulu, ezithinta ukuzwa, ukuqina nokumelana nokushisa kwemikhiqizo ye-foam.Ukuze ukhiqize i-foam enezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zomzimba kanye nobukhulu obuphansi, kuyadingeka ukwandisa isisindo samangqamuzana we-polyether (ester) utshwala kanye nokulula kweketanga eliyinhloko.
03 Isenzo sejeli
Ukusabela kwejeli kubuye kubizwe ngokuthi ukuxhumanisa okuphambanayo kanye nokusabela kokwelapha.Enqubweni yokukhipha amagwebu, i-gelation ibaluleke kakhulu.I-gelation ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma sekwephuze kakhulu izobangela ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yegwebu lehle noma ibe yimfucuza.Isimo esihle kakhulu ukuthi isandiso seketango, ukusabela kwegwebu kanye nokusabela kwejeli kufinyelela ekulinganeni, ngaphandle kwalokho ukuminyana kwegwebu kuzoba phezulu kakhulu noma igwebu ligoqe.
Kunezinyathelo ezintathu ze-gelling ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhipha amagwebu:
I-1) Ama-gel we-multifunctional compounds
Ngokuvamile, izinhlanganisela ezinokusebenza okungaphezu kokuthathu zingasabela ukuze zakhe izinhlanganisela zesakhiwo somzimba.Sisebenzisa ama-polyether polyol anemisebenzi engaphezu kwezintathu ekukhiqizeni amagwebu e-polyurethane aguquguqukayo.Muva nje, ama-polyisocyanates ane-fn ≥ 2.5 aphinde asetshenziswe ekuthuthukisweni kwazo zonke izinhlelo ze-MDI ukuze kuthuthukiswe umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo wamagwebu aphansi.Lezi isisekelo sokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezixhumene nezigaba ezintathu:
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Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isisindo samangqamuzana phakathi kwamaphoyinti okuxhumanisa sibonisa ngokuqondile ubuningi bokuxhumanisa kwe-foam.Okusho ukuthi, ukuminyana kwe-crosslinking kukhulu, ubulukhuni bomkhiqizo buphezulu, futhi amandla omshini mahle, kodwa ukuthamba kwegwebu kubi, futhi ukuqina nokwelula kuphansi.Isisindo samangqamuzana (Mc) phakathi kwamaphoyinti axhumanisa igwebu elithambile singama-2000-2500, kanti igwebu eliqinile liphakathi kuka-700-2500.
2) Ukwakhiwa kwe-urea
Lapho amanzi esetshenziswa njenge-ejenti enegwebu, inhlanganisela ye-urea ehambisanayo iyakhiqizwa.Amanzi amaningi, amabhondi e-urea amaningi.Bazophinde basabele nge-isocyanate eyeqile ekushiseni okuphezulu ukuze benze amakhompiyutha e-biuret bond anesakhiwo sezigaba ezintathu:
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3) Ukwakhiwa kwe-allophanate Olunye uhlobo lokusabela kokuxhumanisa ukuthi i-hydrogen echungechungeni oluyinhloko lwe-urethane iphinde iphendule nge-isocyanate eyeqile ekushiseni okuphezulu ukuze yakhe ibhondi ye-allophanate enesakhiwo sezigaba ezintathu:
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Ukwakheka kwezinhlanganisela ze-biuret kanye nezinhlanganisela ze-allophanate akufanelekile ezinhlelweni zokukhihliza amagwebu ngoba lezi zinhlanganisela ezimbili zinokuzinza okuphansi kokushisa futhi zibola emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba abantu balawule izinga lokushisa ne-isocyanate index ekukhiqizeni
3 Izibalo zamakhemikhali
I-polyurethane synthetic material i-polymer synthetic material engahlanganisa imikhiqizo ye-polymer kusuka ezintweni ezingavuthiwe ngesinyathelo esisodwa, okusho ukuthi, izakhiwo ezibonakalayo zemikhiqizo zingalungiswa ngokuqondile ngokushintsha ukucaciswa nokulinganiswa kokwakheka kwezinto zokusetshenziswa.Ngakho-ke, indlela yokusebenzisa kahle isimiso se-polymer synthesis futhi usungula ifomula yokubala elula kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo ye-polyurethane.
01 Inani elilinganayo
Lokho okubizwa ngevelu elinganayo (E) ibhekisela esisindweni sengqamuzana (Mn) esihambisana nokusebenza kweyunithi (f) ku-molecule eyinhlanganisela;
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Isibonelo, inombolo eyisilinganiso sesisindo semolekyuli ye-polyether triol ngu-3000, bese kuba yinani layo elilinganayo:
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I-ejenti yokuxhumanisa evame ukusetshenziswa i-MOCA, okuyi-4,4′-methylene bis(2 chloroamine), inesisindo samangqamuzana esihlobene esingu-267. Nakuba kukhona ama-hydrogen asebenzayo angu-4 ku-molecule, ama-hydrogen angu-2 kuphela abamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni kwe-isocyanate.i-athomu, ngakho-ke ukusebenza kwayo f=2
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Esicacisweni somkhiqizo we-polyether noma i-polyester polyol, inkampani ngayinye inikeza kuphela idatha yevelu ye-hydroxyl (OH), ngakho kusebenza kakhulu ukubala ngokuqondile inani elilinganayo nevelu ye-hydroxyl:
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Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbuza ukuthi ukulinganisa kwangempela kokusebenza komkhiqizo kudla isikhathi esiningi, futhi kuningi ukusabela okuseceleni.Ngokuvamile, ukusebenza kwangempela kwe-triol polyether (ester) akulingani no-3, kodwa kuphakathi kuka-2.7 no-2.8.Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukusebenzisa (2) ifomula, okungukuthi, inani le-hydroxyl libalwa futhi!
02 Isidingo se-isocyanate
Zonke izinhlanganisela ze-hydrogen ezisebenzayo zingasabela nge-isocyanate.Ngokomgomo wokusabela okulinganayo, kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile ekuhlanganiseni kwe-PU ukubala ngokunembile inani le-isocyanate elisetshenziswe ingxenye ngayinye kufomula:
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Kufomula: Ws—inani le-isocyanate
I-Wp - i-polyether noma i-polyester umthamo
I-Ep - i-polyether noma i-polyester elinganayo
I-Es—Isocyanate efanayo
I-molar ratio ye-I2—NCO/-OH, okungukuthi, inkomba yokusabela
ρS - ukuhlanzeka kwe-isocyanate
Njengoba sonke sazi, lapho kuhlanganiswa i-prepolymer noma i-semi-prepolymer enevelu ethile ye-NCO, inani le-isocyanate elidingekayo lihlobene nenani langempela le-polyether kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-NCO okudingwa i-prepolymer yokugcina.Ngemva kokufingqa:
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Kufomula: D——ingxenye enkulu yeqembu le-NCO ku-prepolymer
42—— Inani elilinganayo le-NCO
Kuwo wonke amagwebu esistimu ye-MDI yanamuhla, i-MDI enesisindo esiphezulu se-polyether-modified MDI ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa ama-semi-prepolymer, futhi i-NCO% yayo iphakathi kuka-25 no-29%, ngakho ifomula (4) iwusizo kakhulu.
Ifomula yokubala isisindo semolekyuli phakathi kwamaphoyinti axhumanisayo ahlobene nokuminyana kwesixhumanisi esiphambene nayo iyanconywa, ewusizo kakhulu ekwenziweni kokwakheka.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-elastomer noma igwebu eliqinile, ukunwebeka kwayo kuhlobene ngokuqondile nenani le-ejenti yokuxhumanisa:
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Efomini: Mnc——inombolo-isilinganiso sesisindo semolekyuli phakathi kwamaphoyinti axhumanisayo
Isb——Inani elilinganayo le-ejenti yokuxhumanisa
Wg——Inani le-ejenti yokuxhumanisa
I-WV - inani le-prepolymer
Okuqukethwe kwe-D——NCO
4 izinto zokusetshenziswa
Izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-polyurethane zihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu: i-polyol compounds, i-polyisocyanate compounds kanye nezithasiselo.Phakathi kwazo, i-polyols kanye ne-polyisocyanates yizinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko ze-polyurethane, futhi ama-agent asizayo yizinhlanganisela ezengeza izakhiwo ezikhethekile zemikhiqizo ye-polyurethane.
Wonke ama-compounds anamaqembu e-hydroxyl esakhiweni sezinto eziphilayo ayingxenye ye-organic polyol compounds.Phakathi kwazo, amagwebu amabili e-polyurethane asetshenziswa kakhulu ama-polyether polyols nama-polyester polyols.
i-polyol compound
I-polyether polyol
Kuyinhlanganisela ye-oligomeric enesisindo samangqamuzana esimaphakathi esingu-1000 ~ 7000, esisekelwe ezintweni ezingavuthiwe zemboni ye-petrochemical: i-propylene oxide ne-ethylene oxide, kanye nezinhlanganisela ezimbili nezintathu ezisebenzayo eziqukethe i-hydrogen zisetshenziswa njengeziqalisi, futhi ziyafakwa futhi i-polymerized ngu-KOH..
Ngokuvamile, isisindo sengqamuzana le-polyether ethambile eyigwebu elivamile likububanzi obungu-1500~3000, futhi inani le-hydroxyl liphakathi kuka-56~110mgKOH/g.Isisindo samangqamuzana e-polyether polyether eqinile kakhulu siphakathi kuka-4500 no-8000, futhi inani le-hydroxyl liphakathi kuka-21 no-36 mgKOH/g.
Kuyafaneleka ukusho ukuthi izinhlobo eziningana ezinkulu zama-polyether polyols asanda kuthuthukiswa eminyakeni yamuva zizuzisa kakhulu ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo ezingokoqobo ze-polyurethane flexible foam nokunciphisa ukuminyana.
l I-Polymer-grafted polyether polyol (POP), engathuthukisa umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo wegwebu elithambile le-PU, inciphise ukuminyana, ikhulise izinga lokuvula, futhi ivimbele ukushwabana.Umthamo nawo uyanda usuku nosuku.
l I-Polyurea polyether polyol (PHD): Umsebenzi we-polyether ufana ne-polymer polyether polyol, engathuthukisa ubulukhuni, ukuthwala umthamo, futhi ukhuthaze ukuvulwa kwemikhiqizo yegwebu.Ukumelana nelangabi kuyanda, futhi igwebu lochungechunge lwe-MDI liyazicisha futhi lisetshenziswa kabanzi eYurophu.l I-polymer polymer polyether polyol ene-nitrogen equkethe i-nitrogen enephunga elimnandi exhunywe i-polyether polyol, engakwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ukuthwala, i-open-cell, ubulukhuni nezinye izici zemikhiqizo yegwebu, kodwa futhi yenza ama-cushions esihlalo se-PU ahlanganiswe. kusuka kuyo.Inokubambezeleka kwamalangabi aphezulu: inkomba ye-oxygen iphezulu njengo-28% noma ngaphezulu, ukukhishwa kwentuthu ephansi ≤60%, kanye nesivinini esiphansi sokusabalalisa ilangabi.Kuyimpahla enhle kakhulu yezimoto, izitimela kanye nefenisha ukwenza amakhushini ezihlalo
l I-polyether polyether ye-unsaturation ephansi: Njengoba isebenzisa i-double cyanide metal complex (DMC) njenge-catalyst, okuqukethwe kwe-unsaturated double bond ku-polyether ehlanganisiwe kungaphansi kuka-0.010mol/mg, okusho ukuthi, iqukethe i-monool Inhlanganisela ephansi, okungukuthi, ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu, kuholela ekuqineni okungcono nasekucindezelweni kwesethi yezakhiwo ze-HR foam ehlanganiswe ngokusekelwe kuyo, kanye namandla amahle okudabula kanye nesici sokuhlehlisa.Imvamisa ye-low resonance frequency esanda kwakhiwa, igwebu lesihlalo semoto engu-6Hz lokudlulisela eliphansi lihle kakhulu.
l I-Hydrogenated polybutadiene glycol, le polyol isanda kusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yegwebu le-PU phesheya ukuze kuthuthukiswe kakhulu izakhiwo ezingokomzimba zegwebu, ikakhulukazi ukumelana nesimo sezulu, umswakama nokushisa ukumelana nokushisa isethi kanye nezinye izinkinga iminyaka eminingi, ukuze isiguqo sesihlalo semoto. njll. zisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Afrika. .
l Ama-polyether polyols anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-ethylene oxide, ngokuvamile ama-polyether polyols asebenza kakhulu, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kabusha kwama-polyethers, engeza i-15 ~ 20% EO ekupheleni ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa.Ama-polyethers angenhla anokuqukethwe kwe-EO kufika ku-80%, okuqukethwe kwe-PO Ngokuphambene nalokho, kungaphansi kuka-40%.Kuwukhiye ekuthuthukisweni kwawo wonke amagwebu athambile e-MDI series PU, okufanele anakwe abantu embonini.
l Ama-polyether polyols anomsebenzi we-catalytic: ngokuyinhloko yethula amaqembu e-amine asezingeni eliphakeme anezakhiwo ze-catalytic noma ama-ion ensimbi esakhiweni se-polyether.Inhloso ukunciphisa inani le-catalyst ohlelweni olugcwele amagwebu, ukunciphisa inani le-VOC kanye ne-atomization ephansi yemikhiqizo yegwebu.
I-Amino-terinated polyether polyol: Le polyether inomsebenzi omkhulu we-catalytic, isikhathi esifushane sokuphendula, ukudiliza ngokushesha, namandla omkhiqizo athuthuke kakhulu (ikakhulukazi amandla okuqala), ukukhululwa kwesikhunta, ukumelana nezinga lokushisa, nokumelana ne-solvent., izinga lokushisa lokwakha liyancishiswa, ububanzi bunwetshiwe, futhi kuwuhlobo olusha oluthembisayo.
i-polyester polyol
Ama-polyester asekuqaleni wonke abhekisela kuma-adipic acid-based polyester polyols, futhi imakethe enkulu kunazo zonke i-microcellular foam, esetshenziswa ezitheni zezicathulo.Eminyakeni yamuva, izinhlobo ezintsha ziye zavela ngokulandelana, zandisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-polyester polyols ku-PUF.
l I-aromatic dicarboxylic acid-modified adipic acid-based polyester polyol: ikakhulukazi ukuhlanganiswa kwe-polyester polyol ngokufaka ingxenye ye-adipic acid nge-phthalic acid noma i-terephthalic acid, engathuthukisa amandla okuqala omkhiqizo futhi ithuthukise ukumelana nomswakama nobulukhuni, kuyilapho kunciphisa izindleko. .
I-Polycarbonate polyol: Lolu hlobo lomkhiqizo lungathuthukisa kakhulu ukumelana ne-hydrolysis, ukumelana nesimo sezulu, ukumelana nezinga lokushisa kanye nobulukhuni bemikhiqizo yegwebu, futhi iyinhlobonhlobo ethembisayo.
l I-Poly ε-caprolactone polyol: Igwebu le-PU elihlanganiswe kusuka kulo linokumelana okuhle kakhulu kwezinga lokushisa, ukumelana ne-hydrolysis kanye nokumelana nemihuzuko, futhi eminye imikhiqizo esebenza kahle kakhulu kufanele yenziwe ngayo.
l I-polyester enephunga elimnandi ye-polyester polyol: Yasungulwa ngokusetshenziswa okuphelele kwemikhiqizo ye-polyester ekuqaleni, futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu kugwebu oluqinile lwe-PU.Manje inwetshelwe kugwebu oluthambile lwe-PU, nakho okufanele ukunakwa
Okunye Noma iyiphi inhlanganisela ene-hydrogen esebenzayo ingafakwa ku-PUF.Ngokwezinguquko zemakethe kanye nezidingo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele imikhiqizo yasemaphandleni futhi kuhlanganiswe igwebu elithambile le-PU elibolayo.
l Ama-polyols asekelwe kuwoyela we-Castor: Le mikhiqizo ike yasetshenziswa ku-PUF phambilini, futhi iningi layo lenziwe ngamafutha e-castor angashintshiwe ukuze enze amagwebu aqinile.Ngiphakamisa ukuthi ngisebenzise ubuchwepheshe be-transesterification, futhi ama-alcohol ahlukahlukene anesisindo samangqamuzana angeniswa kuwoyela we-castor ukuze ahlanganise imininingwane ehlukahlukene.
I-Derivatives, ingenziwa ibe yi-PUF ehlukahlukene ethambile futhi eqinile.
l I-Polyols yochungechunge lwamafutha emifino: Okusanda kuthinteka ngamanani kawoyela, imikhiqizo enjalo ithuthuke ngokushesha.Njengamanje, iningi lemikhiqizo esungulwe yizimboni uwoyela wesoya kanye nemikhiqizo yochungechunge lwamafutha esundu, futhi uwoyela we-cottonseed noma uwoyela wezilwane ungasetshenziswa futhi ukwenza uchungechunge lwemikhiqizo, engasetshenziswa ngokuphelele, yehlise izindleko, futhi ibola futhi ivumelane nemvelo. .
i-polyisocyanate
Izinhlobo ezimbili zama-isocyanate, i-TDI ne-MDI, zivame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni igwebu le-polyurethane eliguquguqukayo, kanye nama-hybrids e-TDI/MDI atholakalayo nawo asetshenziswa kabanzi ochungechungeni lwe-HR.Ngenxa yezidingo zokuvikela imvelo, imboni yezimoto inezidingo eziphansi kakhulu zevelu ye-VOC yemikhiqizo yegwebu.Ngakho-ke, i-MDI emsulwa, i-MDI engahluziwe kanye nemikhiqizo eguquliwe ye-MDI isetshenziswe kabanzi kugwebu elithambile le-PU njengemikhiqizo ethambile ye-PU.
i-polyol compound
I-MDI ehlanganisiwe
I-4,4′-MDI ehlanzekile iqinile ekamelweni lokushisa.I-MDI ebizwa ngokuthi i-liquefied MDI ibhekisela ku-MDI elungiswe ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene futhi ewuketshezi ekamelweni lokushisa.Ukusebenza kwe-MDI ehlanganisiwe kungasetshenziswa ukuqonda ukuthi iyingxenye yeliphi iqembu le-MDI.
l i-MDI eguquliwe urethane enomsebenzi we-2.0;
l I-Carbodiimide-modified MDI enomsebenzi we-2.0;
l I-MDI eguquliwe nge-diazetacyclobutanone imine, ukusebenza yi-2.2;
l I-MDI ilungiswe nge-urethane ne-diazetidinimine ngokusebenza okungu-2.1.
Iningi lale mikhiqizo lisetshenziswa emikhiqizweni ebunjiwe efana ne-HR, i-RIM, amagwebu azikhumbayo, namagwebu amancane afana namasoli ezicathulo.
I-MDI-50
Kuyinhlanganisela ye-4,4'-MDI kanye ne-2,4'-MDI.Njengoba indawo yokuncibilika ye-2,4'-MDI iphansi kunezinga lokushisa lekamelo, cishe i-15 ° C, i-MDI-50 iwuketshezi olugcinwe ekamelweni lokushisa futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa.Naka umthelela wesithiyo we-steric we-2,4′-MDI, ongasabeli kahle kunomzimba we-4,4′ futhi ongalungiswa yi-catalyst.
I-MDI eqinile noma i-PAPI
Ukusebenza kwayo kuphakathi kuka-2.5 no-2.8, futhi ngokuvamile isetshenziswa kumagwebu aqinile.Eminyakeni yamuva, ngenxa yezici zentengo, ibuye isetshenziswe emakethe ye-foam ethambile, kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa inani lokuxhumanisa ekuklanyweni kwefomula.I-ejenti ehlanganyelwe, noma wandise i-plasticizer yangaphakathi.
Umsizi
i-catalyst
I-catalyst inomthelela omkhulu ku-polyurethane foam, futhi ngayo, ukukhiqizwa okusheshayo ekamelweni lokushisa kungafinyelelwa.Kunezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-catalysts: ama-amine aphezulu kanye nama-catalysts ensimbi, njenge-triethylenediamine, i-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, i-methylimidazole, i-A-1, njll. , i-potassium octoate, i-organic bismuth, njll. yizici zensimbi.Njengamanje, ama-catalyst ahlukahlukene abambezelekile, uhlobo lwe-trimerization, uhlobo oluyinkimbinkimbi kanye ne-low-VOC value-type catalyst asenziwe, nawo asekelwe ezinhlotsheni ezingenhla zama-catalyst.
Isibonelo, uchungechunge lwe-Dabco yenkampani yemikhiqizo yegesi, impahla eluhlaza eyisisekelo yi-triethylenediamine:
l Dabco33LV iqukethe 33% triethylenediamine/67% dipropylene glycol
l I-Dabco R8020 I-Triethylenediamine iqukethe u-20%/DMEA80%
l I-Dabco S25 triethylenediamine iqukethe u-25%/butanediol 75%
l I-Dabco8154 triethylenediamine/i-asidi ibambezelekile i-catalyst
l Dabco EG Triethylenediamine iqukethe 33%/ Ethylene Glycol 67%
l Dabco TMR uchungechunge trimerization
l Amabhamuza e-Dabco 8264 Compound, Ama-Catalysts Alinganiselayo
l I-Dabco XDM i-catalyst yephunga eliphansi
Ngaphansi kwesimo sama-catalysts amaningi, kufanele siqale siqonde izici zama-catalysts ahlukahlukene kanye nezimiso zabo zokusebenza ukuze sithole ibhalansi yesistimu ye-polyurethane, okungukuthi, ibhalansi phakathi kwejubane lokugwedla kanye nesivinini se-gelation;ibhalansi phakathi kwejubane le-gelation kanye nezinga lokugwedla, kanye ne-Speed yogwebu kanye nebhalansi ye-fluidity yezinto, njll.
Ama-catalyst ensimbi wonke angama-catalyst ohlobo lwejeli.Ama-catalyst avamile ohlobo lwe-tin anomphumela oqinile wejeli, kodwa okubi kwawo ukuthi awamelani ne-hydrolysis futhi awakwazi ukumelana nokuguga okushisayo.Ukuvela kwakamuva kwama-organic bismuth catalysts kufanele kudonse ukunaka.Ayinayo nje umsebenzi we-tin catalyst, kodwa futhi inokumelana okuhle kwe-hydrolysis nokumelana nokushisa ukuguga, okulungele kakhulu ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto.
i-foam stabilizer
Idlala indima yokuhlanganisa izinto zegwebu, ukuzinzisa igwebu kanye nokulungisa iseli, futhi ikhulise ukuncibilika okuhlangene kwengxenye ngayinye, okuwusizo ekwakhekeni kwamabhamuza, ilawule usayizi nokufana kweseli, futhi ikhuthaze ibhalansi ukushuba kwegwebu.Izindonga ziyanwebeka ukuze zigcine amangqamuzana futhi zivimbele ukuwa.Nakuba inani le-foam stabilizer lilincane, linomthelela omkhulu esakhiweni seseli, izakhiwo zomzimba kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza ye-PU flexible foam.
Njengamanje, ama-oligomers avimbela i-hydrolysis-resistant/polyoxyalkylene ether block asetshenziswa e-China.Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo ezahlukene ze-foam, isilinganiso se-hydrophobic segment / hydrophilic segment sihlukile, futhi ukuguqulwa kwesixhumanisi sochungechunge ekupheleni kwesakhiwo se-block kuhlukile., ukukhiqiza ama-silicon stabilizers emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene yegwebu.Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha i-foam stabilizer, kufanele uqonde umsebenzi nomsebenzi wayo, ungakhohlwa, ungayisebenzisi ngokungakhethi, futhi ubangele imiphumela emibi.Ngokwesibonelo, uwoyela we-silicone oyigwebu elithambile awukwazi ukufakwa kugwebu oluqinile, ngaphandle kwalokho uyobangela ukushwabana kwegwebu, futhi uwoyela we-silicone okwazi ukumelana nokuqina awukwazi ukufakwa ekuvimbeni igwebu elithambile, ngaphandle kwalokho uyobangela ukubhidlika kwegwebu.
Ngenxa yezidingo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo, izimboni zezimoto nezefenisha zidinga imikhiqizo ene-atomization ephansi kanye nenani eliphansi le-VOC.Izinkampani ezehlukene zithuthukise ngokulandelana iziqinisi zegwebu ze-atomization eziphansi kanye nenani eliphansi le-VOC eliphansi, njenge-Dabco DC6070 eyethulwe yi-Gas Products Company, okungamafutha aphansi a-silicone e-athomu yohlelo lwe-TDI.;I-Dabco DC2525 ingamafutha abicah anenkungu aphansi wezinhlelo ze-MDI.
i-ejenti ekhihlizayo
I-ejenti ekhihlizayo yegwebu elithambile le-PU ikakhulukazi amanzi, elekelelwa amanye ama-agent akhipha ugwebu.Ekukhiqizeni igwebu le-block, uma kucatshangelwa inani elikhulu lamanzi emikhiqizweni engaminyana kakhulu, ngokuvamile okwedlula izingxenye ezingu-4.5 ngezingxenye eziyi-100 kuzobangela ukuthi izinga lokushisa langaphakathi legwebu likhuphuke, lidlule i-170 ~ 180 ° C, okuholela ekushiseni okuzenzakalelayo kwe-foam. igwebu, kanye ne-ejenti enegwebu le-hydrocarbon ebilisa kancane kufanele isetshenziswe.Enye isiza ekwehliseni ukuminyana, kanti enye isusa inani elikhulu lokushisa okusabelayo.Ezinsukwini zokuqala, inhlanganisela yamanzi/F11 yayisetshenziswa.Ngenxa yezinkinga zokuvikela imvelo, i-F11 yavalwa.Njengamanje, iningi lemikhiqizo yochungechunge lwamanzi/i-dichloromethane nochungechunge lwamanzi/HCFC-141b luyasetshenziswa.Ngenxa yokuthi imikhiqizo yochungechunge lwe-dichloromethane ibuye ingcolise umkhathi, iyimvelo yesikhashana, kuyilapho imikhiqizo yochungechunge lwe-HFC: HFC-245fa, -356mfc, njll. noma imikhiqizo yochungechunge lwe-cyclopentane yonke ihambisana nemvelo, kodwa eyokuqala iyabiza kanti eyakamuva iyasha, ngakho-ke Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokunciphisa izinga lokushisa, abantu baye bethula izinqubo ezintsha, ubuchwepheshe obunamagwebu obucindezela ukucindezela, ubuchwepheshe bokupholisa ngempoqo kanye nobuchwepheshe be-CO2 obuwuketshezi ukuxazulula inkinga, inhloso ukunciphisa inani lamanzi noma ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa langaphakathi. kwegwebu.
Ngincoma ubuchwepheshe be-CO2 obuwuketshezi bokukhiqiza ama-bubble block, okufaneleka kakhulu kumabhizinisi amancane naphakathi.Kubuchwepheshe be-LCO2, izingxenye ezi-4 ze-LCO2 zilingana nezingxenye eziyi-13 ze-MC.Ubudlelwano phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwamanzi ne-CO2 enguketshezi esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amagwebu okuminyana okuhlukene Ukuminyana kwegwebu, amanzi kg/m3, izingxenye ngobuningi be-LCO2, izingxenye nge-MC elingana nesisindo, izingxenye ngobuningi
13.34.86.520.0
15.24.55.015.3
16.04.54.012.3
17.33.94.313.1
27.72.52.06.2
i-flame retardant
Ukunqanda amalangabi nokuvimbela umlilo kuwukukhathazeka kwabantu ngaso sonke isikhathi.izwe lami elisanda kukhishwa elithi “Izimfuneko Namazinga Okusebenza Kokushiswa Kwemikhiqizo Engasheshi Umlilo Nezingxenye Ezindaweni Zomphakathi” GB20286-2006 inezidingo ezintsha zokuncipha komlilo.Ngezimfuneko zePlastiki ezingakhiqizi amalangabi: a), izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu ≤ 250KW/m2;b), isilinganiso sokushisa isikhathi ≤ 30s, ukuphakama okuvuthayo okulinganiselwe ≤ 250mm;c), ibanga lokuminyana kwentuthu (SDR) ≤ 75;d), Ibanga lobuthi bentuthu Lingekho ngaphansi kwezinga le-2A2
Okusho ukuthi: izici ezintathu okufanele zicatshangelwe: ukunqanda ilangabi, intuthu ephansi, nobuthi obuncane bentuthu.Ukuze ubeke phambili izidingo eziphakeme zokukhethwa kwama-flame retardants, ngokusho kwezindinganiso ezingenhla, ngikholelwa ukuthi kungcono ukukhetha izinhlobo ezingakha ungqimba lwekhabhoni obunzima futhi zikhulule intuthu engenabuthi noma enobuthi obuphansi.Njengamanje, kufaneleka kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-phosphate ester-based high molecular weight retardants, noma i-halogen-free hydrocarbons enamakha anezinhlobonhlobo ze-heterocyclic ukumelana nokushisa, njll. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amazwe angaphandle athuthukise i-graphite flame retardant enwetshiwe i-PU flexible foam, noma i-nitrogen heterocyclic flame retardant Umuthi ulungile.
okunye
Ezinye izithasiselo ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa: izimbotshana zokuvula ama-pore, ama-agent axhumanisa, ama-antioxidants, ama-anti-fogging agents, njll. Uma ukhetha, ithonya lezithasiselo ekusebenzeni kwemikhiqizo ye-PU kufanele licatshangelwe, kanye nobuthi bayo, ukufuduka, ukuhambisana, njll. Umbuzo.
5 imikhiqizo
Ukuze uqonde kabanzi ubudlelwano phakathi kwefomula nokusebenza kwegwebu elithambile le-PU, izibonelo ezimbalwa ezimele ezethulwa ukuze zisetshenziswe:
1. Ifomula ejwayelekile kanye nezakhiwo ze-block polyether PU igwebu elithambile
I-Polyether triol 100pbw TDI80/20 46.0pbw I-Organotin catalyst 0.4pbw I-Tertiary amine catalyst 0.2pbw Silicon foam stabilizer 1.0pbw Amanzi 3.6pbw I-Co-foaming agent 0 ~ 12pbm 2 Amandla 6 Foam4 Izakhiwo 3 3 Ukwelula, % 220 Amandla okudabula, N/m 385 Compression set, 50% 6 90% 6 Cavitation load, kg (38cm×35.6cm×10cm) Deformation 25% 13.6 65% 25.6 Ibhola eliwayo liphinde liboshwe, % 38 Eminyakeni yakamuva, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane ne Izidingo zemakethe, amanye amabhizinisi avame ukukhiqiza igwebu elinesisindo esincane (10kg/m3).Lapho ukhiqiza igwebu eliguquguqukayo le-ultra-low-density, akukhona nje ukukhulisa i-ejenti ekhihlizayo kanye ne-ejenti efaka amagwebu eyisiza.Okungenziwa kufanele futhi kufaniswe ne-silicon surfactant eqinile ngokuqhathaniswa ne-catalyst.
Ukukhiqizwa kwefomula yereferensi yegwebu eliguquguqukayo lokuminyana okuphansi kwe-ultra-low-low-foam: igama lokuminyana okumaphakathi ukuminyana okuphansi kokuminyana okuphezulu kakhulu
Ibhokisi eliqhubekayo ibhokisi lebhokisi le-polyether polyol 100100100100100 Amanzi 3.03.04.55.56.6 A-33 i-catalyst 0.20.20.20.250.18 I-Silicon surfactant B-81101.01.201.01.21. 60.40 Umenzeli 7.57.512.515.034.0 TDI80/2041.444.056.073 .0103.0 Ukuminyana, kg/m3 23.023.016.514.08.0
Ifomula yegwebu eliyicylindrical: EO/PO uhlobo lwe-polyether polyol (OH:56) 100pbw Amanzi 6.43pbw MC i-ejenti egwebulile 52.5pbw I-Silicon surfactant L-628 6.50pbw I-Catalyst A230 0.44pbw8 D1000 inkomba ye-Stalnous D1000 D1000 Doctos 9 T100. sage 139pbw Foam ukuminyana, kg/m3 7.5
2. I-ejenti ye-Liquid CO2 efaka amagwebu ukwenza igwebu elinezinga eliphansi
I-Polyether triol (Mn3000) 100 100 Amanzi 4.9 5.2 I-Liquid CO2 2.5 3.3 I-Silicone surfactant L631 1.5 1.75 B8404 I-Amine catalyst A133 0.28 0.30 Stannous14 octome 14 Flat 04 DIFDA 80/20 Ukuminyana kwegwebu , kg/m3 16 16
Ifomula evamile imi kanje: I-Polyether triol (Mn3000) 100pbw Amanzi 4.0pbw LCO2 4.0~5.5pbw I-Catalyst A33 0.25pbw I-Silicon surfactant SC155 1.35pbw Stannous octoate D0p3 kg19b0 inkomba ye-D0p10100mDI 0. 14.0~16.5
3. Igwebu elithambile le-MDI eliphansi le-polyurethane eliphansi
Igwebu elibunjiwe le-PU elithambile lisetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni amakhushini ezihlalo zemoto.Ukunciphisa ukuminyana ngaphandle kokuthinta izakhiwo ezingokomzimba umgomo wentuthuko
Ifomula: I-polyether esebenzayo ephezulu (OH: 26~30mgKOH/g) 80pbw I-Polymer polymer (OH: 23~27mgKOH/g) 20pbw I-Crosslinking ejenti 0~3pbw Amanzi 4.0pbw I-Amine catalyst A-33 2.8pbw i-silicone i-Surface B8 umsebenzi we-Surface B8. pbw MDI index 90pbw Ukusebenza: Foam center density 34.5kg/m3 Ukuqina ILD25% 15.0kg/314cm2 Amandla okudabula 0.8kg/cm Amandla aqinile 1.34kg/cm2 Elongation 120% Rebound rate 62% Permanent compression set (Dry% We 5.0) 13.5%
4. Ukuminyana okuphansi, umcamelo wesihlalo semoto esigcwele i-MDI evumelana nemvelo
I-homologue ye-MDI ehlanzekile: i-M50—okungukuthi, umkhiqizo we-4,4′MDI 50% 2,4′MDI 50%, ingafakwa amagwebu ekamelweni lokushisa, ithuthukise uketshezi, inciphise ukuminyana komkhiqizo, futhi inciphise isisindo semoto, ethembisa kakhulu.Umkhiqizo:
Ukwakhiwa: I-polyether polyol esebenzayo ephezulu (OH: 28mgKOH/g) 95pbw 310 Auxiliary* 5pbw Dabco 33LV 0.3pbw Dabco 8154 0.7pbw Silicon surfactant B4113 0.6pbw.1 30p5 Mwb0 Water 8
Izakhiwo ezibonakalayo: Isikhathi sokudweba (s) 62 Isikhathi sokukhuphuka (s) 98 Ukuminyana kwegwebu lamahhala, kg/m3 32.7 Ukuchezuka komthwalo wokucindezelwa, kpa: 40% 1.5 Elongation, % 180 Amandla ezinyembezi, N/m 220
Qaphela: *310 I-Axiliary: Ngiyayithengisa, iyiketango eliyisipesheli.
5. Ukuqina okuphezulu, ukugibela okukhululekile kwe-PU Foam
Muva nje, imakethe ifune ukuthi izakhiwo ze-foam seat cushions zihlale zingashintshile, kodwa abantu ngeke bakhathale futhi bangakhathali nokugula okuhambayo okusezingeni eliphezulu ngemuva kokushayela isikhathi eside.Ngemuva kocwaningo, izitho zangaphakathi zomzimba womuntu, ikakhulukazi isisu, zinemvamisa ezungeze i-6Hz.Uma kwenzeka i-resonance, izodala isicanucanu nokuhlanza
Ngokuvamile, ukudluliswa kokudlidliza kwegwebu eliqine kakhulu ku-6Hz kungu-1.1~1.3, okusho ukuthi, lapho imoto isebenza, ayintengantengi kodwa iyanda, futhi eminye imikhiqizo yefomula inganciphisa ukudlidliza kube ngu-0.8~0.9.Ukwakhiwa komkhiqizo manje kuyanconywa, futhi ukudluliswa kwayo kokudlidliza okungu-6Hz kusezingeni lika-0.5~0.55.
Ukwakhiwa: I-polyether polyol esebenzayo ephezulu (Mn6000) 100pbw I-Silicon surfactant SRX-274C 1.0pbw I-Tertiary amine catalyst, i-Minico L-1020 0.4pbw I-Tertiary amine catalyst, i-Minico TMDA 0.3socy6p9p% I-Amine I-Amine I-present %) INkomba engu-100
Izakhiwo zomzimba: Ukuminyana sekukonke, kg/m3 48.0 25%ILD, kg/314cm2 19.9 Ukubopha kabusha, % 74 50% ukucindezelwa
Amandla E-Shrinkage, (Omile) 1.9 (Okumanzi) 2.5 6Hz Ukudlidliza Kokudlulisa 0.55
6. Ukubuyela emuva kancane noma igwebu le-viscoelastic
Igwebu le-PU elibizwa ngokuthi i-slow-rebound PU libhekisela kugwebu elingabuyiselwa esimweni salo sangempela ngokushesha ngemva kokuba igwebu likhubazeke ngamandla angaphandle, kodwa libuyiselwa kancane kancane ngaphandle kokuguquka kwendawo eyinsalela.Ine-cushion enhle kakhulu, i-sound insulation, i-sealing nezinye izakhiwo.Ingasetshenziswa ekulawuleni umsindo wezinjini zezimoto, ukusekela ukhaphethi, amathoyizi ezingane nemicamelo yezokwelapha.
Isibonelo sefomula: Umsebenzi ophezulu we-polyether (OH34) 40~60pbw I-Polymer polyether (OH28) 60~40 pbw I-Cross-adhesive ZY-108* 80~100 pbw L-580 1.5 pbw I-Catalyst 1.8~2.5 pb~2 I-Watercy2 p.6 index. * 1.05 pbw Qaphela: *ZY-108, inhlanganisela ye-multifunctional low molecular weight polyether** PM-200, inhlanganisela ye-Liquefied MDI-100, kokubili kuyimikhiqizo ye-Wanhua Izakhiwo: Ukuminyana kwegwebu, kg/ m3 150~165 Ukuqina, Ugu A 18~15 Amandla ezinyembezi, kN/m 0.87~0.76 Elongation, % 90~130 isilinganiso sokuphinda, % 9~7 Isikhathi sokutakula, imizuzwana 7~10
7. Igwebu le-polyether lesikhumba elizimele elimelana nokukhathala izikhathi eziyizigidi
Igwebu lingasetshenziswa ematheni e-PU namasondo okuqondisa
Umdwebo: DaltocelF-435 31.64 pbw Arcol34-28 10.0 pbw DaltocelF-481 44.72 pbw Arcol2580 3.0 pbw 乙二醇6.0 pbw 催bcob3 pwb3 EG 1 Dawb Dawb. 027 0.3 pbw 硅表面活性剂DC-193 0.3 pbw L1 412T 1.5 pbw Amanzi 0.44 pbw Modified MDI Suprasec2433 71 pbw
Izakhiwo ezibonakalayo: Ukuminyana kwegwebu: cishe ukuchezuka kwebhande elingu-0.5g∕cm3 β, KCS 35～50, kuhle kakhulu
8. I-flame retardant, intuthu ephansi, igwebu eliqinile
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo komnotho wezwe, iminyango ehlukahlukene inezidingo eziphakeme neziphakeme zokudoda amalangabi emikhiqizo yegwebu, ikakhulukazi ezondiza, izimoto, izimoto zabagibeli ezinesivinini esikhulu, nosofa basendlini, njll. I-Nontoxic.
Ngenxa yalesi simo esingenhla, umbhali kanye nozakwabo baye bahlakulela ibanga lokunciphisa ilangabi (inkomba ye-oxygen 28 ~ 30%), enezinga eliphansi kakhulu lentuthu (inani lamazwe ngamazwe liyi-74, futhi lo mkhiqizo ungaba ngu-50 kuphela), futhi i-foam rebound ihlala ingashintshiwe.Ikhiqiza intuthu emhlophe.
Isibonelo sefomula: YB-3081 i-polyether ene-flame retardant 50 pbw I-polyether yomsebenzi ophezulu (OH34) 50 pbw I-Silicone surfactant B 8681 0.8~1.0 pbw Amanzi 2.4~2.6 pbw DEOA 1.5~3 pbw I-Catalyst 1.0 5 isobho 1.
Izakhiwo zomzimba: Ukuminyana kwegwebu, kg/m3 ≥50 Amandla okucindezela, kPa 5.5 amandla e-Tensile, isilinganiso se-kPa 124 Rebound, % ≥60 ukuguqulwa kokucindezela, 75% ≤8 Inkomba ye-oxygen, OI% ≥ 28 Ukuminyana kwentuthu ≤50
9. Amanzi yiwona akhipha amagwebu, wonke amagwebu esikhumba avumela imvelo
I-HCFC-141b ekhiqiza amagwebu ivinjelwe ngokuphelele emazweni angaphandle.I-ejenti eyenza amagwebu ye-CP iyasha.I-HFC-245fa ne-HFC-365mfc ekhiqiza amagwebu iyabiza futhi akwamukeleki.Igwebu lesikhumba.Esikhathini esedlule, abasebenzi be-PU ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe babenaka kuphela ukuguqulwa kwe-polyether ne-isocyanate, ngakho ungqimba olungaphezulu lwegwebu lwalungacacile futhi ukuminyana kwakuphezulu.
Isethi yamafomula manje ayanconywa, abonakala ngokuthi:
l I-polyether polyol eyisisekelo ihlala ingashintshiwe, futhi i-Mn5000 evamile noma i-6000 isetshenziswa.·
l I-isocyanate ihlala ingashintshiwe, i-C-MDI, i-PAPI noma i-MDI eguquliwe ingasetshenziswa.
l Sebenzisa isithasiselo esikhethekile esingu-SH-140 ukuxazulula inkinga.·
Ifomula eyisisekelo:
l Umsebenzi ophezulu we-polyether triol Mn5000 65pbw
l SH-140* 35pbw
l Chain extender: 1,4-butanediol 5pbw
l I-ejenti yokuxhumanisa: i-glycerol 1.7pbw
l I-ejenti yokuvula: K-6530 0.2~0.5pbw
l I-Catalyst A-2 1.2~1.3pbw
l Faka umbala inani elifanele l Amanzi 0.5pbw
l MR-200 45pbw
Qaphela: *SH-140 umkhiqizo wethu
Izakhiwo zomzimba: ukuminyana okuphelele kwegwebu kungu-340~350kg/m3
Imikhiqizo: indawo ebushelelezi, uqweqwe olucacile, ukuminyana okuphansi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-12-2022