Imboni ye-polyurethane: ukufinyelela okuphezulu, ukuqoqwa okusindayo
Umlando Wokuthuthukiswa Kwemboni Ye-Polyurethane
I-Polyurethane (PU) iyinhlaka ye-polymer eyakhiwe yi-condensation polymerization yamakhemikhali ayisisekelo isocyanate ne-polyol.I-polyurethane inezinzuzo zamandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokuhuzuka, ukumelana nezinyembezi, ukusebenza kahle kwe-flexural, ukumelana nowoyela nokuhambisana kahle kwegazi.Isetshenziswa kabanzi endlini, izinto zikagesi zasendlini, ezokuthutha, ezokwakha, izidingo zansuku zonke nezinye izimboni, futhi iyinto ebalulekile yobunjiniyela.Ngo-1937, usokhemisi waseJalimane u-Bayer wasebenzisa i-polyaddition reaction ye-1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate kanye ne-1,4-butanediol ukwenza i-linear polyamide resin, eyavula ucwaningo nokusebenzisa i-polyamide resin.Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, iJalimane isungule isitshalo sokuhlola i-polyamide esinamandla athile okukhiqiza.Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, i-United States, iBrithani, iJapane namanye amazwe bethula ubuchwepheshe baseJalimane ukuqala ukukhiqizwa nokuthuthukiswa kwe-polyurethane, futhi imboni ye-polyurethane yaqala ukukhula emhlabeni wonke.izwe lami liye lacwaninga ngokuzimela futhi lathuthukisa i-polyurethane resin kusukela ngawo-1960, futhi manje selingumkhiqizi nomthengi omkhulu we-polyurethane emhlabeni.
I-polyurethane ihlukaniswe ngohlobo lwe-polyester kanye nohlobo lwe-polyether.Isakhiwo se-polyurethane monomer sinqunywa ikakhulukazi izinto ezingavuthiwe ezikhuphuka nomfula kanye nezakhiwo ezihlosiwe.Uhlobo lwe-polyester lwakhiwa ukusabela kwe-polyester polyol ne-isocyanate.Ingokwesakhiwo esiqinile futhi ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza isipontshi esinegwebu, ijazi eliphezulu kanye neshidi lepulasitiki elinobulukhuni obuphezulu kanye nokuminyana.Uhlobo lwe-polyether lutholwa ukusabela kohlobo lwe-polyether polyol ne-isocyanate, futhi isakhiwo samangqamuzana siyingxenye ethambile.Ngokujwayelekile isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ukotini wenkumbulo nokunwebeka kanye ne-cushion-proof cushion.Izinqubo eziningi zamanje zokukhiqiza i-polyurethane zixuba kabusha i-polyester ne-polyether polyols ngezilinganiso ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuguquguquka komkhiqizo okusesilinganisweni.Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko ze-polyurethane synthesis yi-isocyanates nama-polyols.I-Isocyanate yitemu elivamile lama-ester ahlukahlukene e-isocyanic acid, ahlukaniswa ngenani lamaqembu -NCO, okuhlanganisa i-monoisocyanate RN=C=O, diisocyanate O=C=NRN=C=O kanye ne-polyisocyanate njll.;ingabuye ihlukaniswe ngama-aliphatic isocyanates nama-isocyanate anuka kamnandi.Ama-isocyanate anuka kamnandi okwamanje asetshenziswa enanini elikhulu kunawo wonke, njenge-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) kanye ne-toluene diisocyanate (TDI).I-MDI kanye ne-TDI yizinhlobo ezibalulekile ze-isocyanate.
I-polyurethane industry chain kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza
Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezikhuphukayo ze-polyurethane ikakhulukazi ama-isocyanates nama-polyols.Imikhiqizo eyinhloko ephakathi nendawo ihlanganisa amapulasitiki egwebu, ama-elastomers, amapulasitiki efiber, imicu, izinsalela zesikhumba zezicathulo, okokunamathela, okunamathelisa kanye nama-sealant neminye imikhiqizo ye-resin.Imikhiqizo esezansi nomfula ihlanganisa izinto zasendlini, izinto zasendlini, ezokuthutha, ezokwakha, nezidingo zansuku zonke nezinye izimboni.
Imboni ye-polyurethane inezithiyo eziphezulu kubuchwepheshe, imali, amakhasimende, ukuphatha kanye nethalente, futhi imboni inezithiyo eziphezulu zokungena.
1) Izithiyo zobuchwepheshe nezezezimali.Ukukhiqizwa kwama-isocyanate akhuphuka nomfula kuyisixhumanisi esinezithiyo zobuchwepheshe eziphakeme kakhulu ochungechungeni lwemboni ye-polyurethane.Ikakhulukazi, i-MDI ithathwa njengomunye wemikhiqizo eyinqwaba enezithiyo ezibanzi kakhulu embonini yamakhemikhali.Umzila wenqubo yokwenziwa ye-isocyanate mude uma kuqhathaniswa, okuhlanganisa ukusabela kwe-nitration, ukusabela kokunciphisa, ukusabela kwe-acidification, njll. Indlela ye-Phosgene okwamanje iwubuchwepheshe obuvamile bokukhiqizwa kwezimboni zama-isocyanate, futhi futhi iyona kuphela indlela engakwazi ukukhiqiza ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwe-asidi. ama-isocyanates.Kodwa-ke, i-phosgene inobuthi obukhulu, futhi ukusabela kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kwezimo eziqinile ze-asidi, ezidinga imishini ephezulu kanye nenqubo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlanganisela ze-isocyanate ezifana ne-MDI ne-TDI kulula ukusabela ngamanzi futhi ziwohloka, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, indawo yokuqandisa iphansi, okuyinselele enkulu kubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza.2) Izithiyo zekhasimende.Izinga lezinto ze-polyurethane lizothinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza kwemikhiqizo ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene ezingaphansi komfula.Amakhasimende ahlukene ngeke ashintshe kalula abahlinzeki ngemva kokunquma izici zabo zomkhiqizo, ngakho-ke kuzokwakha imigoqo kwabasanda kungena embonini.3) Izithiyo zokuphatha nezethalente.Ibhekene nezidingo zemodeli yomkhiqizo ehlakazekile kumakhasimende angezansi, imboni ye-polyurethane idinga ukwakha isethi ephelele yokuthengwa kwempahla eyinkimbinkimbi, ukukhiqiza, ukuthengisa kanye nezinhlelo zesevisi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, idinga ukuhlakulela ochwepheshe bezinga eliphezulu abanolwazi olucebile lokuphatha ukukhiqiza. kanye nezithiyo zokuphatha eziphezulu.
Izingcaphuno ze-MDI: Isidingo siyalulama, izindleko eziphezulu zamandla zingakhawulela ukunikezwa phesheya kwezilwandle
Intengo yomlando we-MDI nokuhlaziywa kwe-cyclical
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-MDI yasekhaya kwaqala ngawo-1960, kodwa kunqunyelwe izinga lobuchwepheshe, isidingo sasekhaya sincike kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe futhi amanani aphezulu.Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, njengoba i-Wanhua Chemical ibamba kancane kancane ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko bokukhiqiza kwe-MDI, umthamo wokukhiqiza wanda ngokushesha, ukunikezwa kwasekhaya kwaqala ukuba nomthelela emananini, futhi ukujikeleza kwamanani e-MDI kwaqala ukuvela.Ngokubheka amanani omlando, inkambiso yentengo ye-MDI ehlanganisiwe iyafana neye-MDI emsulwa, futhi umjikelezo okhuphukayo noma owehlayo wentengo ye-MDI cishe iminyaka emi-2-3.I-quantile engu-58.1%, intengo yesilinganiso samasonto onke ikhuphuke ngo-6.9%, inani lentengo eliphakathi lenyanga lehle ngo-2.4%, kanti ukwehla konyaka kuze kube manje kwaba ngu-10.78%;I-MDI ehlanzekile ivalwe ngo-21,500 yuan / ton, ku-quantile engu-55.9% yenani lomlando, ngokunyuka kwentengo okumaphakathi kwamasonto onke ngo-4.4 %, intengo emaphakathi yanyanga zonke yehle ngo-2.3%, kanti ukukhuphuka konyaka kuze kube manje kwaba ngu-3.4%.Indlela yokudlulisa intengo ye-MDI ishelele kakhulu, futhi iphuzu eliphezulu lentengo livame ukuba yindawo ephezulu yokusabalala.Sikholelwa ukuthi lo mjikelezo wokwenyuka kwentengo ye-MDI uqala ngoJulayi 2020, ikakhulukazi uhlobene nomthelela wobhubhane kanye ne-overseas force majeure esilinganisweni sokusebenza.Isilinganiso sentengo ye-MDI ngo-2022 kulindeleke ukuthi sihlale siphezulu.
Kusukela kudatha yomlando, abukho isikhathi sonyaka esisobala ezintengo ze-MDI.Ngo-2021, intengo ephezulu ye-MDI ehlanganisiwe izovela engxenyeni yokuqala neyesine.Ukwakhiwa kwenani eliphezulu kwikota yokuqala kubangelwa ikakhulukazi uMkhosi Wasentwasahlobo osondelayo, ukwehla kwezinga lokusebenza kwemboni kanye nokugxila kwabakhiqizi abangaphansi komfula ngaphambi komkhosi.Ukwakhiwa kwamanani aphezulu kwikota yesine ngokuyinhloko kuvela ekusekelweni kwezindleko ngaphansi "kokulawulwa kabili kokusetshenziswa kwamandla".Isilinganiso senani lentengo ye-MDI ehlanganisiwe engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2022 yayingu-20,591 yuan/ton, yehle ngo-0.9% isuka engxenyeni yesine ka-2021;isilinganiso sentengo ye-MDI emsulwa ngekota yokuqala sasingu-22,514 yuan/ton, sikhuphuke ngo-2.2% sisuka kwikota yesine ka-2021.
Izintengo ze-MDI kulindeleke ukuthi zihlale ziqinile ngo-2022. Intengo emaphakathi ye-MDI ehlanganisiwe (Yantai Wanhua, East China) ngo-2021 izoba ngu-20,180 yuan/ton, ukukhuphuka konyaka ngo-35.9% kanye nenani elingu-69.1% lomlando. intengo.Ekuqaleni kuka-2021, isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu phesheya kwezilwandle sasivame ukwenzeka, ubhubhane lwathinta ezokuthutha ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, futhi amanani entengo ye-MDI phesheya kwezilwandle akhuphuka kakhulu.Nakuba izintengo ze-MDI okwamanje ziphezulu kancane kune-median yomlando, sikholelwa ukuthi lo mjikelezo we-MDI wokwenyuka kwentengo awukakapheli.Amanani aphezulu kawoyela negesi asekela izindleko ze-MDI, kuyilapho amandla amasha okukhiqiza i-MDI ngo-2022 anomkhawulo futhi ukunikezwa okuphelele kusaqinile, ngakho amanani kulindeleke ukuthi ahlale eqinile.
Ukunikezwa: Ukunwetshwa okuzinzile, ukwanda okulinganiselwe ngo-2022
Ijubane lokukhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-Wanhua Chemical lishesha kakhulu kunelabaqhudelana nabo bamazwe ngamazwe.Njengenkampani yasekhaya yokuqala ekwazi kahle ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo bokukhiqiza kwe-MDI, i-Wanhua Chemical isibe umkhiqizi omkhulu we-MDI emhlabeni.Ngo-2021, umthamo wokukhiqiza we-MDI womhlaba wonke uzoba amathani ayizigidi eziyi-10.24, futhi amandla amasha okukhiqiza azovela ku-Wanhua Chemical.Isabelo semakethe yamandla okukhiqiza ye-Wanhua Chemical emhlabeni wonke sesifinyelele ku-25.9%.Ngo-2021, umthamo wokukhiqiza we-MDI wasekhaya usuwonke uzoba amathani ayizigidi ezingu-3.96, futhi umphumela uzoba amathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.85, okukhuphuke ngo-27.8% uma kuqhathaniswa nomkhiqizo ngo-2020. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-MDI kuye kwagcina ukukhula okusheshayo eminyakeni yamuva nje, nge-CAGR ye-10.3% kusukela ku-2017 kuya ku-2021. Ngokombono wejubane lokwanda komhlaba esikhathini esizayo, ukwanda okuyinhloko kusazovela ku-Wanhua Chemical, futhi iphrojekthi yokwandisa yasekhaya izoba. ziqale ukusebenza ngaphambi kwamazwe angaphandle.NgoMeyi 17, ngokwesizindalwazi esisemthethweni seShaanxi Chemical Construction, uGao Jiancheng, unobhala nosihlalo wenkampani, wamenywa ukuba athamele umhlangano wokukhuthaza iphrojekthi ye-Wanhua Chemical (Fujian) MDI, futhi wasayina incwadi enesibopho sohlelo lwenqubekelaphambili yokwakha ne-Wanhua Chemical. (Fujian) ukuqinisekisa Ukufinyelela okuhlosiwe kokukhiqiza kwephrojekthi ngoNovemba 30, 2022.
Isidingo: Izinga lokukhula liphezulu kunokunikezwayo, futhi izinto zokufaka izinto zokwakha namabhodi angenayo i-formaldehyde aletha ukukhula okusha.
Ukukhula kwesidingo se-MDI yomhlaba wonke kulindeleke ukuthi kudlule ukukhula kokuhlinzekwa kwezidingo.Ngokusho kwedatha ye-Covestro, ukunikezwa kwe-MDI emhlabeni wonke ngo-2021 cishe kumathani ayizigidi eziyi-9.2, ne-CAGR ka-4% ngo-2021-2026;isidingo se-MDI somhlaba wonke singamathani ayizigidi eziyi-8.23, ne-CAGR ka-6% ngo-2021-2026.Ngokusho kwedatha ye-Huntsman, umthamo we-MDI womhlaba wonke we-CAGR ungama-2.9% ngo-2020-2025, kanti isidingo se-MDI somhlaba wonke silinganiselwa ku-5-6% ngo-2020-2025, lapho umthamo wokukhiqiza e-Asia uzokwenyuka usuka kumathani ayizigidi ezi-5 ngo-2020. kuya ku-2025 amathani ayizigidi ezingu-6.2, imboni ye-polyurethane inethemba ngesidingo se-MDI eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo.
Ngisenethemba ngesimo sesikhathi eside sokuthekelisa se-MDI.Ngokombono wesakhiwo sokuthekelisa ngo-2021, i-United States ingumthumeli omkhulu we-MDI yezwe lami, futhi umthamo wokuthekelisa ngo-2021 uzofinyelela kumathani angama-282,000, okuwukukhula konyaka ngonyaka ngama-122.9%.I-Zhejiang, iShandong ne-Shanghai yizifundazwe (izifunda) ezinkulu ezithumela kwamanye amazwe ezweni lami, lapho umthamo weZhejiang wokuthekelisa wafinyelela kumathani angu-597,000, ukwanda konyaka ngo-78.7%;Umthamo weShandong wokuthekelisa ufinyelele kumathani angama-223,000, okuwukukhula konyaka ngo-53.7%.Ngokusho kwedatha yezindlu ezithengiswayo ezansi nomfula, inani lokuthengiswa kwezindlu ezintsha e-United States lidlula esikhathini sokululama kwangemva kobhubhane, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezindlu zasekhaya kungase kube nezinguquko ezincane, futhi ukululama kwesidingo sezindlu ezithengiswayo kulindeleke ukuthi kukhuphule isidingo se-MDI. .
Isamba senzuzo yemaliji ye-Wanhua Chemical kwikota inomdlalo omuhle nokusabalala kwentengo ye-MDI ehlanganisiwe kwikota.Impahla eyinhloko ye-MDI yi-aniline.Ngokubalwa komehluko wamanani etiyetha, kungatholakala ukuthi intengo ye-polymerized MDI inendlela enhle yokudlulisa, futhi intengo ephezulu imvamisa umehluko wentengo ephezulu.Ngaso leso sikhathi, ukusabalala kwentengo ye-MDI ehlanganisiwe kuhambisana kahle nesamba senzuzo yemaliji ye-Wanhua Chemical engxenyeni yekota, futhi ukuguqulwa kwe-gross profit margin kwezinye izingxenye kubambezeleka ngemuva kokushintshwa kwentengo, noma kuhlobene umjikelezo wokusungula wamabhizinisi.
Izindleko zamandla aphezulu zingase ziqhubeke nokukhawulela ukunikezwa kwe-MDI yaphesheya kwezilwandle.I-Xinhua Finance, eFrankfurt, ngoJuni 13th, umlawuli wamandla waseJalimane u-Klaus Müller, inhloko ye-Federal Network Agency, uthe i-Nord Stream 1 Baltic Pipeline izokwenza ukunakekelwa ehlobo, kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwegesi yemvelo esuka eRussia iye eJalimane naseNtshonalanga Yurophu. kuncishiswe ngesikhathi sasehlobo.kungenzeka yehle kakhulu.Umthamo wokukhiqiza we-MDI wase-Europe wenza cishe u-30% wengqikithi yomhlaba wonke.Ukuhlinzekwa okuqinile okuqhubekayo kwamandla ezinto ezimbiwa phansi kungase kuphoqe abakhiqizi be-MDI baphesheya kwezilwandle ukuthi behlise umthwalo wabo, futhi ukuthunyelwa kwe-MDI kwasekhaya kungase kubangele ukwanda ehlobo.
I-Wanhua inezinzuzo zezindleko ezisobala.Uma sibheka intengo yomlando kawoyela ongahluziwe/igesi yemvelo kanye nezindleko zokuthengiswa kwezinkampani ezinkulu ze-polyurethane, inkambiso yezindleko zokuthengisa zezinkampani zaphesheya kwezilwandle iseduze naleyo yamanani kawoyela ongahluziwe negesi yemvelo.Izinga lokukhula kwe-Wanhua Chemical liphezulu kunelezinkampani zaphesheya kwezilwandle, noma umthelela wezindleko zempahla eluhlaza ubuthakathaka kunalowo wezinkampani zaphesheya.izinkampani zaphesheya.Ngokombono wokuhlelwa kochungechunge lwezimboni, i-Wanhua Chemical kanye ne-BASF, enochungechunge lwezimboni ze-petrochemical futhi anezinzuzo ezisobala zokuhlanganisa, anezinzuzo zezindleko ezingaphezu kuka-Covestro no-Huntsman.
Ngokumelene nesizinda sokukhuphuka kwamanani entengo yamandla, izinzuzo zokuhlanganisa zithola ukunakwa okwengeziwe.Ngokusho kwedatha ye-Huntsman, ngo-2024, inkampani ihlela ukufeza iphrojekthi yokuthuthukisa izindleko zama-US $ 240 wezigidi, lapho ukuthuthukiswa kwendawo yezitshalo ze-polyurethane kuzofaka isandla mayelana ne-US $ 60 million ekunciphiseni izindleko.Ngokusho kuka-Covestro, ukukhuphuka kwemali engenayo evela kumaphrojekthi wokuhlanganiswa kuzofinyelela kuma-euro ayizigidi eziyi-120 ngo-2025, lapho amaphrojekthi wokwenza ngcono izindleko azonikela cishe ngama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-80.
Imakethe ye-TDI: Okwangempela okukhiphayo kuphansi kunalokho obekulindelwe, futhi kunesikhala esanele sokukhuphuka kwentengo
Intengo yomlando we-TDI kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-cyclical
Inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-TDI iyinkimbinkimbi uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi umkhiqizo unobuthi obuphezulu futhi uyavutha futhi uyaqhuma kune-MDI.Kusukela ekuqaphelisweni kwamanani omlando, ukuthambekela kwentengo ye-TDI ne-MDI kuyefana kodwa ukuguquguquka kusobala kakhulu, noma kuhlobene nokuntengantenga kokukhiqizwa kwe-TDI.Kusukela ngomhlaka-17 Juni 2022, i-TDI (East China) ivale ngo-17,200 yuan/ton, ngenani elingu-31.1% lezintengo zomlando, ngokunyuka kwentengo okumaphakathi kwamasonto onke okungu-1.3%, ukukhuphuka kwentengo okumaphakathi kwanyanga zonke okungu-0.9%, kanye nonyaka. -ukunyuka kwamanje ngo-12.1%.Ngokombono we-cyclical, umjikelezo wokukhuphuka noma phansi wamanani e-TDI nawo cishe iminyaka emi-2-3.Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-MDI, izintengo ze-TDI nezindleko zishintshashintsha kakhulu, futhi izintengo zisengozini yokuphoqelela i-majeure nezinye izindaba esikhathini esifushane.Lo mzuliswano wokunyuka kwe-TDI ungase uqale kusukela ngo-Ephreli 2020, ohlobene kakhulu nokungaqini kahle kokufakwa kwe-TDI kanye nokukhishwa kwangempela okungaphansi kwalokho obekulindelwe.Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-MDI, intengo yamanje ye-TDI isezingeni eliphansi ngokomlando, futhi ukukhuphuka kungase kubonakale kakhudlwana.
Izintengo ze-TDI kulindeleke ukuthi ziqhubeke nokukhuphuka ngo-2022. Intengo emaphakathi ye-TDI (East China) ngo-2021 ingu-14,189 yuan/ton, okuwukukhuphuka ngo-18.5% unyaka nonyaka, futhi iku-quantile engu-22.9% yenani lomlando. .Iphuzu eliphezulu lamanani entengo ye-TDI ngo-2021 lalikwikota yokuqala, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi abakhiqizi abangaphansi komfula baqoqa ngaphambi kweholide, imishini yaphesheya kwezilwandle kanye nokuhlinzekwa kokulungisa kwakunomkhawulo, futhi i-inventory yemboni yayisezingeni eliphansi ngonyaka.Isilinganiso senani lentengo ye-TDI ngekota yokuqala ka-2022 ngu-18,524 yuan/ton, okuwukukhuphuka ngo-28.4% ukusuka engxenyeni yesine ka-2021. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-MDI, intengo ye-TDI isesezingeni eliphansi emlandweni, futhi kukhona igumbi elikhulu ngenani elikhuphukayo.
Iphethini yokunikezela nesidingo: ibhalansi eqinile yesikhathi eside, ukuzinza kwemishini kuthinta okukhiphayo kwangempela
Okwamanje, nakuba umthamo wokukhiqiza we-TDI womhlaba wonke udlulele, izinga lokukhula kwesidingo lidlula izinga lokukhula kokuhlinzekwa, futhi iphethini yesikhathi eside yokuphakela kanye nesidingo se-TDI ingase igcine ibhalansi eqinile.Ngokusho kwedatha ye-Covestro, ukunikezwa kwe-TDI emhlabeni wonke kungamathani ayizigidi ezi-3.42, ne-CAGR ka-2% ngo-2021-2026;isidingo se-TDI emhlabeni wonke singamathani ayizigidi ezi-2.49, ne-CAGR ka-5% ngo-2021-2026.
Ngaphansi kwesizinda somthamo oweqile, abakhiqizi bakhulisa ngokuqapha ukukhiqizwa.Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-MDI, i-TDI inamaphrojekthi ambalwa okunweba amandla, futhi akukho ukwanda kwamandla ngo-2020 no-2021. Ukwanda okukhulu eminyakeni emibili ezayo kuzovela futhi ku-Wanhua Chemical, ehlela ukwandisa umthamo wamathani angu-100,000 ngonyaka eFujian ukuze 250,000 amathani/ngonyaka.Le phrojekthi ihlanganisa iyunithi ye-nitrification yamathani angu-305,000 / ngonyaka, iyunithi ye-hydrogenation yamathani angu-200,000 / ngonyaka, kanye neyunithi ye-photochemical yamathani angu-250,000 / ngonyaka;ngemuva kokuthi iphrojekthi ifinyelele ekukhiqizweni, kulindeleke ukuthi ikhiqize amathani angama-250,000 e-TDI, amathani ayi-6,250 e-OTDA, amathani angama-203,660 e-hydrogen chloride eyomile ne-hydrochloric acid.amathani angama-70,400.Ngokwesizindalwazi esisemthethweni sikaHulumeni Wabantu Kamasipala wase-Fuqing, iphrojekthi yokunwetshwa ithole isiteshi esincane sokufakwa kwe-TDI kanye nesiteshi sokusabalalisa, ilayisense yokwakhiwa kwegumbi lekhabhinethi yokufaka i-TDI, kanye nelayisense yokwakhiwa kwesiteshi sefriji ye-TDI.Kulindeleke ukuthi iqale ukusebenza ngo-2023.
Ukungaqini kahle kwemishini kuthinta okukhiphayo kwangempela.Ngokwemininingwane ye-Baichuan Yingfu, ukuphuma kwe-TDI yasekhaya ngo-2021 kuzoba amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.137, okuhambisana nezinga lokusebenza lonyaka elicishe libe ngama-80%.Nakuba umthamo wokukhiqiza we-TDI womhlaba wonke ungaphezu kwamandla, ngo-2021, izikhungo ze-TDI ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe zizothinteka ngamazinga ahlukahlukene ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, ukuhlinzekwa kwempahla eluhlaza kanye nokwehluleka kwezobuchwepheshe, umphumela wangempela uzoba ngaphansi kunalokho obekulindelwe, kanye nempahla yemboni qhubeka nokwehla.Ngokusho kuka-Baichuan Yingfu, ngoJuni 9, 2022, abathintwe isiteleka sabashayeli bamaloli endawo eSouth Korea, imishini yasendaweni ye-Hanwha TDI (amathani angama-50,000 ngesethi ngayinye) yehliswa umthwalo, kwathi ukulethwa kwemithombo ye-Kumho MDI kwabambezeleka, okwabambezeleka. kuthinte izimpahla zakamuva ze-polyurethane ngezinga elithile.ethekwini.Ngaso leso sikhathi, amafekthri amaningi kulindeleke ukuthi alungiswe kabusha ngoJuni, futhi ukunikezwa okuphelele kwe-TDI kuncane.
Ngokwemininingwane ye-Baichuan Yingfu, ukusetshenziswa kwangempela kwe-TDI ngo-2021 kuzoba amathani angaba ngu-829,000, okuwukunyuka konyaka ngo-4.12%.Ezansi nomfula we-TDI ikakhulukazi yimikhiqizo yesipontshi efana nefenisha ekhuphukile.Ngo-2021, isipontshi nemikhiqizo izobalelwa ku-72% wokusetshenziswa kwe-TDI.Kusukela ngo-2022, izinga lokukhula kwesidingo se-TDI lehlile, kodwa njengoba umfula ophansi njengefenisha ekhulisiwe kanye nezindwangu zilulama kancane kancane kulolu bhubhane, ukusetshenziswa kwe-TDI kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhubeke nokukhula.
I-ADI namanye ama-isocyanate akhethekile: izimakethe ezintsha nezisafufusa
Imakethe ye-ADI emkhakheni wezingubo ivuleka kancane kancane
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-isocyanate enamakha, i-aliphatic ne-alicyclic isocyanates (ADI) inezici zokumelana nesimo sezulu esiqinile kanye nokuphuzi okuncane.I-Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) iyi-ADI evamile, engenambala noma ephuzi kancane, futhi iyi-viscosity ephansi, uketshezi olunephunga elishisayo ekamelweni lokushisa.Njengempahla eluhlaza yokukhiqiza i-polyurethane, i-HDI isetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ama-varnish e-polyurethane (PU) kanye ne-high-grade coatings, okokucwenga kwezimoto, okokugqoka kwepulasitiki, okokumboza ngokhuni lwezinga eliphezulu, ukumbozwa kwezimboni kanye ne-anti-corrosion coatings; kanye nama-elastomers, ama-adhesives, ama-textile finishing agents, njll Ngaphezu kokumelana nowoyela nokumelana nokugqoka, ukugqoka kwe-PU okutholiwe kunezici zokungaphuzi, ukugcinwa kombala, ukumelana noshoki, nokumelana nokuchayeka ngaphandle.Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphinde isetshenziswe ku-ejenti yokwelapha upende, i-adhesive ye-polymer ephezulu, i-adhesive yokushisa ephansi yokunamathisela ukuphrinta, i-collar copolymer coating, i-adhesive enzyme eqinile, njll. I-Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) nayo i-ADI esetshenziswa kabanzi.Njengempahla eluhlaza yokukhiqiza i-polyurethane, i-IPDI ifanele ukukhiqizwa kwe-polyurethanes enokuqina okuhle kokukhanya, ukumelana nesimo sezulu kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini.Ikakhulukazi ifaneleka ukukhiqizwa kwama-elastomers, okokufakwa emanzini, ama-polyurethane dispersants kanye nama-acrylates aguquguqukayo we-urethane.
Ezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa zingeniswa kwamanye amazwe, futhi intengo ye-ADI ngokuvamile iphakeme kunaleyo ye-MDI ne-TDI.Ukuthatha i-HDI ngesabelo semakethe esiphezulu phakathi kwama-ADI njengesibonelo, i-hexamethylenediamine iyimpahla eyinhloko yokukhiqizwa kwe-HDI.Njengamanje, kukhiqizwa ithani elingu-1 le-HDI futhi cishe amathani angu-0.75 we-hexanediamine ayasetshenziswa.Nakuba ukwenziwa kwasendaweni kwe-adiponitrile ne-hexamethylene diamine kuqhubeka nokuthuthuka, ukukhiqizwa kwamanje kwe-HDI kusancike ku-adiponitrile ne-hexamethylene diamine engenisiwe, futhi inani lomkhiqizo lilonke liphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa.Ngokwedatha ye-Tiantian Chemical Network, inani lentengo elimaphakathi lonyaka le-HDI ngo-2021 lilinganiselwa ku-85,547 yuan/ton, ukukhuphuka konyaka nonyaka ngo-74.2%;inani lentengo elimaphakathi lonyaka le-IPDI lilinganiselwa ku-76,000 yuan/ton, okuwukunyuka konyaka ngo-9.1%.
I-Wanhua Chemical isibe ngumkhiqizi wesibili ngobukhulu we-ADI emhlabeni
Umthamo wokukhiqiza we-ADI unwetshwe kancane kancane, futhi i-Wanhua Chemical yenze impumelelo ku-HDI nokuphuma kokunye, i-IPDI, i-HMDI neminye imikhiqizo.Ngokusho kwedatha ye-Xinsijie Industry Research Centre, umthamo ophelele wokukhiqiza wemboni ye-ADI yomhlaba wonke uzofinyelela amathani angu-580,000 ngonyaka ngo-2021. Ngenxa yemingcele ephezulu yokungena embonini, kunezinkampani ezimbalwa emhlabeni ezingakhiqiza i-ADI. ngezinga elikhulu, ikakhulukazi i-Covestro, i-Evonik, i-BASF yaseJalimane, i-Asahi Kasei e-Japan, i-Wanhua Chemical, ne-Rhodia e-France, phakathi kwayo i-Covestro ingumphakeli omkhulu we-ADI emhlabeni wonke onamandla okukhiqiza minyaka yonke amathani angu-220,000, elandelwa yi-Wanhua Chemical amandla okukhiqiza afinyelela ku-140,000 ngonyaka.Ngokufakwa kwesitshalo se-HDI sika-Wanhua Ningbo sika-50,000/ngonyaka, umthamo wokukhiqiza we-ADI we-Wanhua Chemical uzothuthukiswa nakakhulu.
Ama-isocyanate akhethekile naguquliwe ayaqhubeka nokuzuza impumelelo.Njengamanje, ama-isocyanates endabuko ezwe lami (MDI, TDI) asendaweni ehamba phambili emhlabeni.Phakathi kwe-aliphatic isocyanates (ADI), i-HDI, i-IPDI, i-HMDI neminye imikhiqizo ikwazi kahle ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuzimele, i-XDI, i-PDI namanye ama-isocyanate akhethekile angenile esigabeni sokushayela, i-TDI -TMP namanye ama-isocyanate aguquliwe (i-isocyanate adducts) enze okubalulekile kwezobuchwepheshe. impumelelo.Ama-isocyanate akhethekile nama-isocyanate aguquliwe abalulekile ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo ye-polyurethane ephezulu, futhi adlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukwakheka kwemikhiqizo ye-polyurethane.Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe basekhaya, i-Wanhua Chemical kanye nezinye izinkampani ziye zazuza impumelelo yezobuchwepheshe emikhakheni yama-isocyanate akhethekile nama-isocyanate adducts, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi zihole umhlaba ngethrekhi entsha.
Amabhizinisi e-polyurethane: ukusebenza kabusha okuqinile ngo-2021, anethemba ngombono wemakethe
I-Wanhua Chemical
Yasungulwa ngo-1998, i-Wanhua Chemical igxile kakhulu ku-R&D, ukukhiqizwa nokudayiswa kohlu olugcwele lwemikhiqizo ye-polyurethane efana ne-isocyanates nama-polyols, imikhiqizo ye-petrochemical efana ne-acrylic acid ne-ester, izinto zokusebenza ezifana nezingubo ezisekelwe emanzini, namakhemikhali akhethekile. .Kuyinkampani yokuqala ezweni lami ukuba umnikazi we-MDI Kuyibhizinisi elinamalungelo ezimele empahla yobuhlakani bokukhiqiza, futhi lingumnikezeli we-polyurethane omkhulu kunawo wonke esifundeni sase-Asia-Pacific kanye nomkhiqizi we-MDI oncintisana kakhulu emhlabeni.
Isilinganiso samandla okukhiqiza sinenzuzo enkulu, futhi sinamathisela ukubaluleka kwe-R&D nokusungula izinto ezintsha kuqala.Ekupheleni kuka-2021, i-Wanhua Chemical inamandla okukhiqiza amathani ayizigidi ezingu-4.16/ngonyaka wemikhiqizo yochungechunge lwe-polyurethane (okuhlanganisa amathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.65 ngonyaka wamaphrojekthi we-MDI, amathani angu-650,000 ngonyaka wamaphrojekthi we-TDI, kanye namathani angu-860,000 ngonyaka we-polyether. amaphrojekthi).Kusukela ekupheleni kuka-2021, i-Wanhua Chemical inabasebenzi abangu-3,126 be-R&D, ababalelwa ku-16% wesamba senkampani, futhi seyitshale isamba semali eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.168 ku-R&D, okuhlanganisa cishe u-2.18% wemali engenayo yokusebenza.Phakathi nesikhathi sokubika sika-2021, ubuchwepheshe be-MDI besizukulwane sesithupha se-Wanhua Chemical busetshenziswe ngempumelelo embonini ye-Yantai MDI, kwazuza ukusebenza okuzinzile kwamathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.1 ngonyaka;ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-hydrogen chloride obuzenzelayo be-oxidation chlorine babuvuthwe ngokugcwele futhi baphothulwa, futhi bafakwa ohlwini lwezindlela ezihamba phambili zeviki leChemical for intuthuko eqhubekayo ngo-2021;I-PO/SM enkulu ethuthukisiwe, ubuchwepheshe be-polyether ye-DMC eqhubekayo kanye nochungechunge olusha lwama-polyester polyester anephunga elimnandi kwenziwe ngezimboni ngempumelelo, futhi izinkomba zomkhiqizo zifinyelele izinga lemikhiqizo ephakeme.
Ukukhula kwe-Wanhua Chemical kungcono kunezimbangi zamazwe ngamazwe.Izuza ezinhlelweni zesikali nezindleko, ukukhula kwemali engenayo yonyaka ngonyaka ka-Wanhua Chemical ngo-2021 kuphezulu kakhulu kunaleyo yezimbangi zamazwe ngamazwe, futhi imali engenayo yokusebenza engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2022 izogcina izinga lokukhula eliphezulu.Ngokuvela okuqhubekayo kwezinzuzo zesikali kanye nokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo kokuthunyelwa kwe-MDI kwamanye amazwe, i-Wanhua Chemical izoqhubeka nokwandisa isabelo semakethe ye-MDI futhi idale izindawo eziningi zokukhula emikhakheni ye-petrochemical kanye nezinto ezintsha.(Umthombo wombiko: I-Future Think Tank)
I-BASF (BASF)
I-BASF SE iyinkampani yamakhemikhali enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni enezinkampani ezingaphansi kuka-160 eziphethwe ngokuphelele noma amabhizinisi ahlanganyelwe emazweni angama-41 eYurophu, e-Asia naseMelika.Ikomkhulu eLudwigshafen, eJalimane, le nkampani iyisizinda somkhiqizo wamakhemikhali esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.Ibhizinisi lale nkampani lihlanganisa ezempilo nokudla okunomsoco (Nutrition & Care), okokugqoka kanye nodayi (Surface Technologies), amakhemikhali ayisisekelo (Amakhemikhali), amapulasitiki asebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nama-precursors (Izinto), ama-resins nezinye izinto zokusebenza (Industrial Solutions), ezolimo (Agricultural Solutions) Solutions) nezinye izinkambu, lapho ama-isocyanates (MDI ne-TDI) ayingxenye ye-monomer segment (Monomer) engxenyeni yamapulasitiki asebenza kahle kanye nama-precursors (Izinto), kanye nesamba somthamo wokukhiqiza we-BASF isocyanate (MDI+TDI) ngo-2021 cishe amathani ayizigidi ezi-2.62.Ngokombiko wonyaka we-BASF wango-2021, ama-coatings kanye nodayi ingxenye enkulu yemali engenayo yenkampani, ebalelwa ku-29% wemali engenayo ngo-2021. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwe-R&D cishe kungama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-296, okuhlanganisa ukutholwa nokunye ukutshalwa kwezimali kwama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.47;amapulasitiki asebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nengxenye yesandulela (Izinto Zokusebenza) ingxenye enesabelo sesibili esikhulu kunazo zonke semali engenayo, esibalelwa ku-19% wemali engenayo ngo-2021, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwe-R&D okungaba ngama-euro ayizigidi eziyi-193, okuhlanganisa ukutholwa nokunye ukutshalwa kwezimali kwama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-709.
Imakethe yaseShayina ithola ukunakwa okwengeziwe.Ngokwemininingwane ye-BASF, ngo-2030, izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zokwanda kwamakhemikhali emhlabeni wonke zizovela eShayina, kanti amaphrojekthi okwandisa angu-9 kwangu-30 adalulwe embikweni wonyaka we-BASF wezi-2021 atholakala ezweni lami.Isisekelo esihlanganisiwe se-BASF's Guangdong (Zhanjiang) siwumklamo wokutshalwa kwezimali omkhulu we-BASF waphesheya kwezilwandle kuze kube manje.Ngokusho kokudalulwa kwe-EIA, isamba sokutshalwa kwezimali kwephrojekthi singama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-55.362, lapho ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezokwakha kungu-50.98 billion yuan.Lo mklamo uhlelelwe ukuthi uqale ukwakhiwa ngekota yokuqala ka-2022, futhi uzophothulwa futhi uqalise ukusebenza ngekota yesithathu yowezi-2025, kanti ingqikithi yesikhathi sokwakha izoba yizinyanga ezingaba ngu-42.Ngemuva kokuthi iphrojekthi isiqediwe futhi isiqalile ukusebenza, imali engenayo yokusebenza yonyaka izoba ngama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-23.42, inzuzo emaphakathi yonyaka izoba ngama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-5.24, kanti isilinganiso senzuzo yonyaka iyonke izoba ngama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-3.93.Kulindeleke ukuthi unyaka ojwayelekile wokukhiqiza wale phrojekthi unikele cishe ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-9.62 yenani elengeziwe lezimboni unyaka ngamunye.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-23-2022