Ngokwamazinga ahlukene okuhlukanisa, i-cold chain logistics ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene.Isibonelo, kusuka kumodi yokusebenza kuphela, kufaka phakathi izindlela ezimbili:
Eyokuqala ukusebenzisa indlela "yebhokisi le-foam + isikhwama esibandayo", ngokuvamile esibizwa ngokuthi "i-package cold chain", ebonakala ngokusebenzisa iphakheji ngokwayo ukuze udale indawo encane efanelekile yokugcina isikhashana yemikhiqizo emisha.Inzuzo yale ndlela ukuthi imikhiqizo ehlanganisiwe ingasatshalaliswa kusetshenziswa isistimu ye-logistics yokushisa evamile, futhi inani lezindleko ze-logistics liphansi.
Imodi yesibili iwukusebenzisa uhlelo lwangempela lwe-cold chain logistics, okungukuthi, kusukela endaweni ebandayo esendaweni yokuqala kuya ekulethweni kwekhasimende lokugcina, zonke izixhumanisi ze-logistics zisendaweni yokushisa ephansi ukuze kuqinisekiswe iketango eliqhubekayo leketango elibandayo.Kule modi, izinga lokushisa lalo lonke iketango elibandayo kufanele lilawulwe, ngokuvamile elibizwa ngokuthi “iketanga elibandayo lemvelo”.Kodwa-ke, izidingo zalo lonke uhlelo lwe-cold chain logistics ziphezulu kakhulu, kunzima ukusebenzisa uhlelo olujwayelekile lwezokuthutha ukuze lusebenze, futhi izindleko zokusebenza sezizonke ziphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa.
Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iziphi izibonelo zamaketanga abandayo angenhla asetshenziswayo, izinto zegwebu ezingagcina zifudumele, ukuvikela ukushisa, ukudonsa ukushaqeka kanye nokubhafa kungabhekwa njengezinto ezifanele.
Njengamanje, okusetshenziswe kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwamaketanga abandayo kanye nezokuthutha yi-polyurethane foam, i-polypropylene foam ne-polystyrene foam.Ama-trailer, iziqukathi eziqandisiwe kanye nesitoreji esibandayo nakho kutholakala yonke indawo.
Igwebu le-Polystyrene (EPS)
I-EPS iyi-polymer engasindi.Ngenxa yenani layo eliphansi, liphinde libe yi-foam esetshenziswa kakhulu kuyo yonke inkundla yokupakisha, ibalwa cishe ngama-60%.I-polystyrene resin yenziwa ngokwengeza i-ejenti enegwebu ngokusebenzisa izinqubo zokunwetshwa kwangaphambili, ukuphulukiswa, ukubumba, ukomisa nokusika.Isakhiwo se-cavity esivaliwe se-EPS sinquma ukuthi sinokufakwa okuhle kwe-thermal, futhi ukuqhutshwa kokushisa kuphansi kakhulu.I-thermal conductivity yamabhodi e-EPS emininingwane ehlukahlukene iphakathi kuka-0.024W/mK~0.041W/mK Inokugcina ukushisa okuhle kanye nomthelela wokulondoloza ukubanda ku-logistics.
Kodwa-ke, njengempahla ye-thermoplastic, i-EPS izoncibilika lapho ishisisiwe futhi iqine uma ipholile, futhi izinga lokushisa layo lokushintsha okushisayo libalelwa ku-70°C, okusho ukuthi ama-incubator e-EPS acutshungulwa abe amaphakheji egwebu adinga ukusetshenziswa ngaphansi kuka-70°C.Uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu Ku-70 ° C, amandla ebhokisi azoncishiswa, futhi izinto ezinobuthi zizokhiqizwa ngenxa ye-volatilization ye-styrene.Ngakho-ke, imfucuza ye-EPS ayikwazi ukubekezelelwa ngokwemvelo futhi ayikwazi ukushiswa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqina kwama-incubator e-EPS akulungile kakhulu, ukusebenza kwe-buffering nakho kumaphakathi, futhi kulula ukulinyazwa ngesikhathi sokuthutha, ngakho-ke ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi esisodwa, okusetshenziselwa isikhathi esifushane, iketango elibandayo lebanga elifushane. ezokuthutha, kanye nemboni yokudla njengenyama nezinkukhu.Amathreyi nezinto zokupakisha zokudla okusheshayo.Impilo yesevisi yale mikhiqizo ivamise ukuba mfishane, cishe u-50% wemikhiqizo yegwebu le-polystyrene inempilo yesevisi yeminyaka emi-2 kuphela, kanti u-97% wemikhiqizo yegwebu le-polystyrene inempilo yesevisi engaphansi kweminyaka eyi-10, okuholela ekwandeni inani lemfucumfucu yegwebu le-EPS unyaka nonyaka, kodwa igwebu le-EPS akulula ukubola futhi ligaywe kabusha, ngakho-ke njengamanje liyimbangela eyinhloko yokungcola okumhlophe: I-EPS ibala ngaphezu kuka-60% kadoti omhlophe ongcoliswe olwandle!Futhi njengempahla yokupakisha ye-EPS, iningi lama-ejenti agwebu e-HCFC asetshenziswa enqubweni yokukhipha amagwebu, futhi iningi lemikhiqizo lizoba nephunga.Amandla okuphela kwe-ozone ama-HCFC aphindwe izikhathi eziyi-1,000 kune-carbon dioxide.Ngakho-ke, kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-2010, iNhlangano Yezizwe, i-United States, i-European Union, i-China, iNingizimu Korea, iJapane, namanye amazwe afanelekile (izinhlangano) nezifunda ziye zashaya umthetho wokwenqabela noma ukukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwamapulasitiki asetshenziswa kanye okuhlanganisa igwebu le-polystyrene. , futhi Abantu baphoqelele “umgwaqo wokulungisa”.
Igwebu eliqinile le-Polyurethane (PU Foam)
I-PU Foam iyi-polymer yamangqamuzana ephezulu eyenziwe nge-isocyanate kanye ne-polyether njengezinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko, ngaphansi kwesenzo sezithasiselo ezihlukahlukene ezifana nama-foam agents, ama-catalysts, ama-flame retardants, njll., axutshwe yimishini ekhethekile, futhi afakwe amagwebu esizeni ingcindezi yokufafaza.Inakho kokubili ukufakwa kwe-thermal kanye nemisebenzi engangeni manzi, futhi ine-conductivity ephansi kakhulu ye-thermal phakathi kwazo zonke izinto zokufakwa kwe-organic thermal okwamanje.
Nokho, ubulukhuni PU akwanele.Ukwakheka kwama-PU incubator atholakalayo kwezentengiso ikakhulukazi: igobolondo lezinto ezisezingeni lokudla ze-PE, kanti ungqimba oluphakathi lokugcwalisa yigwebu le-polyurethane (PU).Lesi sakhiwo esiyinhlanganisela akulula ukusigaya kabusha.
Eqinisweni, i-PU ivame ukusetshenziswa kumafriji neziqandisi njengama-insulation fillers.Ngokwezibalo, ngaphezu kuka-95% weziqandisi noma imishini yesiqandisi emhlabeni wonke zisebenzisa igwebu eliqinile le-polyurethane njengezinto zokufakelwa.Esikhathini esizayo, ngokunwetshwa kwemboni yeketanga elibandayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto zokufakwa kwe-polyurethane ezishisayo kuzoba nezinto ezimbili eziza kuqala, enye iwukulawula ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, kanti enye iwukuthuthukisa izakhiwo ezinqanda ilangabi.Mayelana nalokhu, abakhiqizi abaningi bezinto zokufakelwa kwe-polyurethane nabahlinzeki bezobunjiniyela bokufaka amaketanga abandayo bamatasa bakha izixazululo ezintsha:
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezintsha zegwebu ezifana ne-polyisocyanurate foam material PIR, i-phenolic foam material (PF), ibhodi likasimende elinegwebu kanye nebhodi lengilazi elinegwebu nakho kwakha isitoreji esibandayo esinobungani nemvelo nokonga amandla kanye nezinto ezibandayo zamaketanga.sisetshenziswe ohlelweni.
Igwebu le-polypropylene (EPP)
I-EPP iwumsebenzi we-polymer ocwebe kakhulu osebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi iwuhlobo olusha olukhula ngokushesha kakhulu lwezinto ezicindezelayo ezicindezelayo zokuvala imvelo.Kusetshenziswa i-PP njengento eyinhloko eluhlaza, ubuhlalu obunamagwebu benziwa ubuchwepheshe obucwebezelayo obubonakalayo.Umkhiqizo awunabo ubuthi futhi awunambitheki, futhi ukufudumeza ngeke kukhiqize izinto ezinobuthi, futhi kungathintana ngqo nokudla.Ukufakwa kahle kwe-thermal, ukuqhutshwa kwe-thermal cishe ku-0.039W/m·k, amandla ayo okusebenza nawo angcono kakhulu kune-EPS ne-PU, futhi ngokuyisisekelo alukho uthuli ekungqubuzaneni noma umthelela;futhi inokushisa okuhle nokuzinza kokumelana nokubanda, futhi ingasetshenziswa endaweni ephakathi kuka -30°C kuya ku-110°C.sebenzisa ngezansi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ku-EPS ne-PU, isisindo sayo silula, esinganciphisa kakhulu isisindo sento, ngaleyo ndlela sinciphise izindleko zokuhamba.
Eqinisweni, ekuthuthweni kweketango elibandayo, amabhokisi okupakisha e-EPP asetshenziswa kakhulu njengamabhokisi enzuzo, okulula ukuwahlanza futhi aqinile, futhi angasetshenziswa ngokuphindaphindiwe, ukunciphisa izindleko zokusetshenziswa.Ngemva kokuba ingasasetshenziswa, kuba lula ukuyigaya kabusha futhi iphinde isetshenziswe, futhi ngeke ibangele ukungcola okumhlophe.Njengamanje, iningi lezimboni eziletha ukudla okusha, okuhlanganisa i-Ele.me, i-Meituan, ne-Hema Xiansheng, ngokuyisisekelo ikhetha ukusebenzisa ama-incubator e-EPP.
Ngokuzayo, njengoba izwe kanye nomphakathi kubaluleke kakhulu ekuvikelweni kwemvelo, umgwaqo oluhlaza wamaketanga abandayo uzosheshiswa.Kunezikhombisi-ndlela ezimbili eziyinhloko, enye yazo ukugaywa kabusha kokupakisha.Kusukela kulo mbono, ikusasa le-polypropylene foaming lizosheshisa.Izinto ezibonakalayo kulindeleke ukuthi zithathe indawo yezinto eziningi ze-foam ze-polyurethane ne-polystyrene, futhi zinekusasa eliqhakazile.
I-biodegradable foam material
Ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibolekayo ekupakishweni kwe-cold chain logistics nakho kungenye indlela ebalulekile yokwenziwa luhlaza kokupakishwa kwe-cold chain logistics.Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zezinto ezibolayo ezithuthukisiwe: uchungechunge lwe-polylactic acid PLA (kubandakanya i-PLA, i-PGA, i-PLAGA, njll.), uchungechunge lwe-polybutylene succinate PBS (kubandakanya i-PBS, i-PBAT, i-PBSA, i-PBST, i-PBIAT njll.) , uchungechunge lwe-polyhydroxyalkanoate PHA (okuhlanganisa i-PHA, PHB, PHBV).Kodwa-ke, amandla okuncibilika alezi zinto ngokuvamile ampofu futhi awakwazi ukukhiqizwa emishinini evamile yokukhipha amagwebu eshidini, futhi isilinganiso esinamagwebu akufanele sibe phezulu kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho izici ezibonakalayo zemikhiqizo enegwebu zimbi kakhulu ukuthi zingasetshenziswa.
Kuze kube manje, kuye kwavela izindlela eziningi ezintsha zokukhihliza amagwebu embonini.Isibonelo, i-Synbra e-Netherlands isungule i-polylactic acid yokuqala emhlabeni ekhiqiza amagwebu, i-BioFoam, isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obunelungelo lobunikazi bokubumba isikhunta, futhi izuze ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi;okuholela ekhaya Umkhiqizi wemishini i-USEON uthuthukise ngempumelelo ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bebhodi legwebu le-PLA elinezingqimba eziningi.I-shift ithatha ungqimba lwesikhungo segwebu, olunokusebenza okungcono kokufakwa kwe-thermal, futhi nomzimba ongaphezulu oqinile nhlangothi zombili ungathuthukisa kakhulu amandla emishini.
i-fiber foam
I-fiber foam material iphinde ibe yinto yokupakisha eluhlaza okonakaliswayo ezintweni zokuhamba ezibandayo.Kodwa-ke, ngokubukeka, i-incubator eyenziwe ngezinto ze-fiber foam ayikwazi ukuqhathaniswa nepulasitiki, futhi ukuminyana kwenqwaba kuphezulu, okuzophinde kwandise izindleko zokuhamba.Ngokuzayo, kufaneleka kakhulu ukuthuthukisa ama-franchisees edolobheni ngalinye ngendlela yama-franchise, kusetshenziswa izinsiza zotshani zasendaweni ukuhlinzeka imakethe yendawo ngezindleko eziphansi.
Ngokwemininingwane edalulwe yi-Cold Chain Committee ye-China Federation of Things kanye ne-Prospective Industry Research Institute, isidingo esiphelele se-cold chain logistics ezweni lami ngo-2019 safinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezingu-261, lapho isidingo sezinto ezibandayo zokudla safinyelela. 235 million amathani.Imboni isalokhu iqhubeka nokukhula ngesivinini esiphezulu phakathi nonyaka.Lokhu kulethe ithuba lemakethe elitholakala kanye empilweni yonke embonini yezinto ezikhiqiza amagwebu.Ngokuzayo, amabhizinisi anegwebu ahlobene ne-cold chain logistics kudingeka abambe inkambiso evamile yemboni eluhlaza, yokonga amandla kanye nephephile ukuze abambe amathuba emakethe futhi athole izinzuzo ezihlobene emakethe ehlala ishintsha.Isu eliqhubekayo lokuncintisana lenza ibhizinisi libe sesimweni esingenakunqotshwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-22-2022